![]() Many historians of the Victorian era regarded Newton as a supremely rational scientist with impeccable morals, and they would have been horrified to read some recent accounts that focus on his alchemical research, biblical exegesis and sexual attitudes. ![]() ![]() For over a quarter of a millennium, generations of scholars have sifted through the surviving evidence about the processes that enabled Newton to achieve his great discoveries, repeatedly producing new analyses of his intellectual sources, his experimental acumen and his character. Because he has become an international icon of scientific genius, it can be hard to appreciate that he was scarcely known outside Cambridge before his ground-breaking paper on optics was published in 1672. ![]() Isaac Newton's outstanding reputation strongly affects how he is appraised retrospectively. ![]()
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